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[(repor)-19.9(ted canine neoplasms.)]TJ
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(1,2)Tj
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(plasms, 80% are malignant, and 60% to)Tj
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[(Lar)17.7(ge-breed male do)24.8(gs)]TJ
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[(repor)-19.9(ted canine intranasal neoplasms)]TJ
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[(Ev)29.7(aluation of Computed)]TJ
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(T)Tj
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[(omo)9.7(gr)9.7(aph)44.8(y and Magnetic)]TJ
-0.5752 -1.1667 TD
[(Resonance Imaging f)24.8(or Detecting)]TJ
T*
[(Intr)9.7(acalv)29.7(arial Chang)19.7(es in Canine)]TJ
T*
(Nasal Neoplasia)Tj
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[(vinder S. Dhaliw)24.7(al, D)69.7(VM, MS, D)39.6(A)39.8(CVIM \(Oncolo)24.8(gy\), D)39.6(ABVP)]TJ
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0.0249 Tw
[(Barbara E. Kitchell, D)69.7(V)0(M, PhD)59.7(, D)39.6(A)39.8(CVIM \(Inter)-19.9(nal/Oncolo)24.8(gy\))]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
0 Tc
[(John M. Losonsk)14.9(y)85(,)0.1( D)69.8(VM, MS, D)39.8(A)39.9(CVR)]TJ
T*
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[(Igor )49.7(V)199.9(.)0( K)24.8(uriashkin MD)59.7(, PhD )]TJ
T*
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(Department of )Tj
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0.025 Tw
(eterinary Clinical Medicine)Tj
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[(Colle)19.7(g)9.7(e)0( of )74.9(V)140(eterinary Medicine)]TJ
T*
[(Univer)9.7(sity of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802)]TJ
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0.025 Tw
[(esent addr)36.8(ess: South Bay )74.9(V)139.9(eterinary Specialists, 5440 )59.7(Thornw)9.7(ood Drive)9.7(, San J)24.8(ose)9.7(, CA 95123.)]TJ
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[(Intern J )59.7(Appl Res )74.9(V)140(et Med)-500.1()-500(V)140(ol. 2, No)34.8(. 3, 2004)]TJ
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(W)Tj
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(ORDS:)Tj
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(canine, canine nasal malig)Tj
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10.4956 0 TD
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-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(nanc)14.8(y)84.8(,)0( computed tomo)24.8(g)-19.9(raph)29.7(y)84.9(,)0( magnetic res-)]TJ
T*
(onance imaging)Tj
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(CT)Tj
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0.025 Tw
(aired imaging studies consisting of comput-)Tj
-0.531 -1.2 TD
[(ed tomo)24.8(g)-19.9(raph)29.7(y \(CT\) and magnetic resonance)]TJ
T*
[(imaging \(MRI\) w)34.9(ere perfor)-19.8(med in eight)]TJ
T*
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T*
[(superior to CT in detecting intracalv)25(arial)]TJ
T*
(changes associated with canine nasal neopla-)Tj
T*
[(sia. Imaging in four anatomical re)15(gions \(cau-)]TJ
T*
[(dal ethmoturbinates, cribrifor)-19.7(m plate, frontal)]TJ
T*
[(sinuses, and the olf)-9.8(actor)-19.8(y peduncle of the)]TJ
T*
[(frontal lobes of the brain\) w)35(ere compared.)]TJ
T*
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T*
[(frontal lobes w)24.9(as the onl)24.8(y re)14.8(gion with an)]TJ
T*
[(obser)-19.8(v)14.8(ed dif)24.8(ference betw)34.9(een the paired)]TJ
T*
[(images. )54.9(Although a dif)24.9(ference betw)34.9(een the)]TJ
T*
[(imaging methods w)24.9(as noted in onl)24.9(y three of)]TJ
T*
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[(ol. 2, No)34.8(. 3, 2004 )-500.1(Intern J )59.7(Appl Res )74.9(V)140(et Med)]TJ
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0.025 Tw
(drosarcoma, f)Tj
0 g
5.5164 0 TD
(ibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma,)Tj
-5.5164 -1.2 TD
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T*
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T*
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0 Tw
(b)Tj
0.4752 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
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[(le v)14.8(enereal tumor)39.7(, melanoma, histioc)14.8(y-)]TJ
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(3)Tj
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0.025 Tw
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-12.2048 -1.2 TD
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T*
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T*
[(nasal neoplasms in do)24.8(gs and cats are located)]TJ
T*
[(at or near the cribrifor)-19.9(m plate at the time of)]TJ
T*
(presentation. Extension through the nasal)Tj
T*
[(ca)34.8(vity to adjacent tissue is common in)]TJ
T*
[(adv)24.8(anced cases.)]TJ
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0 Tc
0 Tw
(5)Tj
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-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(Appro)19.7(ximatel)24.8(y one-half of)]TJ
-6.822 -1.2 TD
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T*
[(in)39.7(v)19.7(olv)14.8(ement at the time of diagnosis.)]TJ
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0 Tc
0 Tw
(6)Tj
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-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(Magnetic resonance imaging)-270.1(\(MRI\) and)]TJ
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T*
(to detect changes associated with intranasal)Tj
T*
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T*
[(ent study w)24.8(as to deter)-19.9(mine w)19.7(hether MRI is)]TJ
T*
[(superior or complementar)-19.9(y to CT in detect-)]TJ
T*
(ing intracranial changes associated with)Tj
T*
[(canine nasal malignancies. )49.6(The signif)-59.9(icance)]TJ
T*
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T*
[(sia as a pro)24.8(gnostic f)-9.9(actor is not kno)39.7(wn at the)]TJ
T*
-0.005 Tc
[(present time, but this infor)-19.8(mation is critical)]TJ
T*
-0.0051 Tc
(to radiation treatment planning. )Tj
1.5 -1.35 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(P)Tj
0.536 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ast studies ha)34.8(v)14.8(e)0( suggested that the)]TJ
-2.036 -1.2 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(e)Tj
0.424 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(xtent of canine intranasal neoplasia is often)Tj
-0.424 -1.2 TD
[(dif)24.8(f)-59.7(icult to def)-59.9(ine accuratel)24.8(y b)24.8(y)0( sur)-19.9(v)14.8(e)14.9(y radi-)]TJ
T*
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0 Tw
(og)Tj
0.9849 0 TD
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0.025 Tw
(raphs as compared with CT imaging)Tj
-0.9849 -1.2 TD
[(because the)14.8(y are limited to the transv)14.8(erse)]TJ
T*
(plane, or in nasal imaging, the dorsal)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(plane.)Tj
6 0 0 6 51.8554 247.0179 Tm
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(79)Tj
10 0 0 10 62.9162 242.8617 Tm
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(Additional image planes are a)34.8(v)24.8(ail-)]TJ
-3.4916 -1.2 TD
[(ab)19.7(le using computer refor)-19.9(mation, w)19.7(hich)]TJ
T*
(compromises resolution because sagittal,)Tj
T*
[(dorsal, and ob)19.7(lique planes are not primar)-19.9(y)]TJ
T*
[(acquisitions. MRI can be acquired in an)24.7(y)]TJ
T*
[(plane desired b)24.8(y)0( the operator)54.8(. Superior soft)]TJ
T*
(tissue contrast and no superimposition of)Tj
T*
-0.0499 Tc
0 Tw
(ov)Tj
0.9302 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(erl)24.8(ying str)-19.9(ucture mak)9.7(e CT and MRI)]TJ
-0.9302 -1.2 TD
[(adv)24.8(antageous o)44.8(v)14.8(er con)39.7(v)14.8(entional radio)24.8(g)-19.9(r)0.3(a-)]TJ
T*
[(ph)29.7(y)84.9(.)-0.1( CT has pro)44.8(v)14.8(en to be superior to con-)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(v)Tj
0.4801 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(entional radio)24.8(g)-19.9(raph)29.7(y for detecting changes)]TJ
-0.4801 -1.2 TD
[(within the nasal ca)34.8(vity)84.9(, def)-59.9(ining the e)14.8(xtent)]TJ
T*
[(and se)24.8(v)14.8(erity of disease processes, and in dif-)]TJ
T*
(ferentiating infectious rhinitis from nasal)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(neoplasia.)Tj
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0 Tc
(8)Tj
10 0 0 10 73.4316 74.8616 Tm
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(CT pro)44.8(vides vital infor)-19.9(mation to)]TJ
-4.5432 -1.2 TD
(assist in radiation treatment planning and to)Tj
T*
[(pro)44.8(vide pro)24.8(gnostic infor)-19.9(mation.)]TJ
6 0 0 6 153.9138 55.0179 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
(9)Tj
10 0 0 10 159.0345 50.8616 Tm
-0.0051 Tc
[(Adv)24.8(antages)]TJ
ET
1 g
225 639 180 -594.002 re
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BT
10 0 0 10 226 631.0615 Tm
0 g
0.025 Tw
[(of MRI relati)24.8(v)14.8(e)0( to CT include the superior)]TJ
T*
(ability of MRI to detect subtle changes)Tj
T*
[(within the brain parench)29.6(yma and to pro)44.8(vide)]TJ
T*
[(superior contrast within soft tissue str)-20(uc-)]TJ
T*
0 Tw
(tures.)Tj
6 0 0 6 247.6338 587.2178 Tm
-0.005 Tc
(10,11)Tj
10 0 0 10 263.1346 583.0615 Tm
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(Additionall)24.8(y)84.9(,)0( CT lacks ionizing)]TJ
-3.7135 -1.2 TD
[(radiation. One repor)-19.9(t suggests that MRI)]TJ
T*
(could be the imaging modality of choice in)Tj
T*
[(do)24.8(gs and cats w)19.7(hen an intracranial or)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(e)Tj
0.424 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(xtracranial tumor in)39.7(v)24.8(asion is suspected.)]TJ
6 0 0 6 387.146 539.2178 Tm
-0.005 Tc
0 Tw
(12)Tj
10 0 0 10 241 521.5615 Tm
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(The pur)-29.9(pose of this study w)24.8(as to e)24.8(v)24.8(a)0.1(lu-)]TJ
-1.5 -1.2 TD
[(ate subjecti)24.8(v)14.8(e)0.2(l)24.8(y)-0.1( w)19.7(hether MRI is superior to)]TJ
T*
[(CT in detecting intracalv)24.8(arial changes asso-)]TJ
T*
(ciated with canine nasal neoplasia.)Tj
ET
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(MA)Tj
0 g
1.6477 0 TD
-0.0002 Tc
0.0113 Tw
[(TERIALS AND )-19.7(METHODS)]TJ
ET
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(Eligibility Criteria)Tj
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0.025 Tw
(Selection of do)Tj
0 g
6.0039 0 TD
[(gs for par)-19.9(ticipation in this)]TJ
-6.0039 -1.18 TD
[(study w)24.8(as based on histolo)24.8(gicall)24.8(y conf)-59.9(ir)-19.9(med)]TJ
T*
[(diagnosis of nasal malignanc)14.7(y)84.9(,)-0.1( ha)34.8(ving)]TJ
T*
(paired MRI and CT studies completed with-)Tj
T*
[(in the pre)24.8(vious 3-w)34.8(eek period)59.7(, and no prior)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(c)Tj
0.424 0 TD
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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(nasal chondrosarcoma,)Tj
T*
[(and tw)39.7(o had nasal carci-)]TJ
T*
[(noma. F)19.7(indings of paired)]TJ
T*
(CT and MRI images)Tj
T*
[(obtained at the le)24.8(v)14.8(els of)]TJ
T*
[(cribrifor)-19.9(m plate, caudal)]TJ
T*
(ethmoturbinates, frontal)Tj
T*
[(sinuses, and the olf)-9.9(actor)-19.9(y)]TJ
T*
(peduncle of the rostral)Tj
T*
(brain are presented in)Tj
T*
-0.08 Tc
0 Tw
[(Ta)-79.9(b)]TJ
1.4551 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(le 1. )Tj
0.0449 -1.35 TD
0.0149 Tc
[(No dif)24.8(ferences w)34.9(ere)]TJ
-1.5 -1.2 TD
[(obser)-19.8(v)14.8(ed at the le)24.8(v)14.8(el of)]TJ
T*
[(cribrifor)-19.8(m plate, caudal)]TJ
T*
(ethmoturbinates, or)Tj
T*
(frontal sinuses in all)Tj
T*
[(eight cases. )49.7(The olf)-9.8(acto-)]TJ
T*
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0 Tw
(ry)Tj
0.8825 0 TD
( )Tj
0.2899 0 TD
0.0149 Tc
0.025 Tw
(peduncle of the ros-)Tj
-1.1724 -1.2 TD
[(tral brain sho)39.7(w)34.9(e)0(d)]TJ
T*
[(patholo)24.8(gic in)39.7(v)19.7(olv)14.8(ement)]TJ
T*
[(in tw)39.7(o cases \(Cases 6)]TJ
T*
[(and 8\) based on CT)]TJ
T*
0.0746 Tc
0 Tw
(fi)Tj
0.7005 0 TD
0.0149 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ndings, w)19.7(hereas MRI)]TJ
-0.7005 -1.2 TD
[(re)24.8(v)14.8(ealed no anatomic)]TJ
T*
[(abnor)-19.8(malities. Similarl)24.8(y)84.9(,)]TJ
-7.35 -1.2 TD
[(olf)-9.8(actor)-19.8(y peduncle of the rostral brain)]TJ
T*
[(sho)39.7(w)34.9(ed patholo)24.8(gic in)39.7(v)19.7(olv)14.8(ement in one)]TJ
T*
(case \(Case 2\) based on the MRI scan, but)Tj
T*
[(CT image on the same case re)24.8(v)14.8(ealed no)]TJ
T*
0 Tw
[(abnor)-19.8(mality)84.9(.)]TJ
1.5 -1.35 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(In)39.7(v)24.8(asion of tumor into the brain w)24.8(a)0.1(s)]TJ
-1.5 -1.2 TD
[(thus equi)24.8(v)19.7(ocal in three of the eight cases)]TJ
T*
[(\(Cases 2 ,6, 8\). F)49.7(or Case 8, a CT sagittal)]TJ
T*
[(refor)-19.8(mation suggested a neoplastic lesion)]TJ
T*
[(encircling the brain, w)19.7(hereas the MRI)]TJ
T*
[(re)24.8(v)14.8(ealed no brain in)39.7(v)19.7(olv)14.8(ement. Dif)24.8(ferences)]TJ
T*
[(noted betw)34.9(een the CT and MRI results for)]TJ
T*
[(Case 6 are illustrated in F)19.7(igures 1 to 4. In)]TJ
T*
[(the remaining f)-59.9(i)25(v)14.8(e)0( cases, CT w)24.8(as diagnostic)]TJ
T*
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T*
(the brain.)Tj
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27 501 263.5 -51 re
f
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q
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0.0279 Tw
(e 1.)Tj
ET
Q
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1 i
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W n
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W n
BT
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0.0277 Tw
(CT im)Tj
0 g
2.6615 0 TD
[(age fr)19.7(om a dog \(Case 6\),)-194.8(illustr)19.7(ating a 2-mm)]TJ
-7.0023 -1.125 TD
-0.0002 Tc
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ET
Q
q
1 i
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W n
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W n
BT
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0 Tw
(A)Tj
ET
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1 i
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0 666 m
W n
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BT
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0 Tw
(\).)Tj
0 g
-30.4114 -1.125 TD
0.0277 Tw
[(The arr)19.6(o)19.8(w)-0.1( indicates suspect in)19.6(v)29.6(o)0(lv)19.6(ement in area of contr)19.6(ast)]TJ
T*
-0.0001 Tc
[(enhancement.)-169.9(The dotted line \()]TJ
ET
Q
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1 i
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BT
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0 Tw
(B)Tj
ET
Q
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1 i
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W n
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-0.0001 Tc
0.0277 Tw
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15.083 0 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
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-0.0002 Tc
0.0278 Tw
[(tion of the sagittal ref)39.6(o)0.2(r)-28(m)19.6(ation seen in )]TJ
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0 Tw
(A)Tj
ET
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1 i
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0 666 m
W n
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W n
BT
/F7 1 Tf
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/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(.)Tj
ET
1 g
27.5 638.5 132.5 -131.609 re
f
Q
q
1 i
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W* n
/GS1 gs
q
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q
1 i
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S
1 g
165.5 638.5 124.5 -131.609 re
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Q
q
1 i
165.5 638.5 124.5 -131.609 re
W* n
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1 i
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W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
0 G
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1 g
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(CT im)Tj
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2.6615 0 TD
[(age fr)19.7(om a dog \(Case 6\),)-194.8(illustr)19.7(ating a 2-mm dor)-19.9(sal)]TJ
-7.0023 -1.125 TD
-0.0002 Tc
[(le)19.6(v)19.6(el ref)39.6(o)0.2(r)-28(m)19.6(ation fr)19.6(om the midle)19.6(v)19.6(el of the olf)39.6(actor)-40(y peduncle \()]TJ
ET
Q
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(A)Tj
ET
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0 666 m
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-0.0002 Tc
0 Tw
(\).)Tj
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-31.1413 -1.125 TD
0.0277 Tw
[(The arr)19.6(o)19.8(w)0( sho)19.6(ws suspect area of post-contr)19.6(ast enhancement in)]TJ
T*
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0 Tw
(r)Tj
0.281 0 TD
-0.0002 Tc
0.0277 Tw
[(ostr)19.6(al r)-20(ight br)19.6(ain.)-170(The dotted line \()]TJ
ET
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(B)Tj
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0.0277 Tw
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0 Tw
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-0.0003 Tc
0.0278 Tw
[(tion of dor)-20.1(sal ref)39.5(o)0.1(r)-28.1(m)19.5(ation seen in )]TJ
ET
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(A)Tj
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(.)Tj
ET
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f
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/GS1 gs
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1 g
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Q
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1 i
157.5 443.375 132.5 -124.875 re
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(ing, the results)Tj
T*
[(repor)-19.9(ted are)]TJ
T*
(identical for CT)Tj
T*
[(and MRI, e)14.9(xcept)]TJ
T*
[(for the percei)24.9(v)14.8(e)0(d)]TJ
T*
[(brain in)39.7(v)24.8(asion.)]TJ
T*
[(The w)39.8(ord equi)24.8(v-)]TJ
T*
(ocal has been)Tj
T*
(used in the)Tj
T*
(presentation of)Tj
T*
(results for CT)Tj
T*
(and MRI in)Tj
T*
(their ability to)Tj
T*
(detect intracra-)Tj
T*
[(nial in)39.7(v)24.8(asion b)24.9(y)0( canine nasal malignanc)14.9(y)84.9(.)]TJ
T*
[(This statement is suppor)-19.8(ted b)24.8(y)0( results for)]TJ
T*
[(Case 6. In this par)-19.8(ticular case, the CT image)]TJ
T*
[(sho)39.7(ws mild enhancement adjacent to the)]TJ
T*
[(brain parench)29.8(yma and ma)34.9(y not be in)39.8(v)24.8(ading)]TJ
T*
(the brain tissue. Some clinicians and radiolo-)Tj
T*
[(gists belie)24.9(v)14.8(e)0( that brain in)39.8(v)24.8(asion b)24.9(y)0( nasal)]TJ
T*
(neoplasm results in moderate to intense)Tj
T*
[(uptak)9.7(e of contrast material within the brain)]TJ
T*
0 Tw
[(parench)29.7(yma. )]TJ
1.5 -1.35 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(The authors initiated this study in gener-)Tj
-1.5 -1.2 TD
[(al ag)-20(reement with other in)39.6(v)14.7(estigators that)]TJ
T*
(MRI is superior to CT in detecting soft tis-)Tj
T*
-0.005 Tc
[(sue changes, but results of this study did not)]TJ
T*
-0.0051 Tc
[(suppor)-19.9(t that h)29.7(ypothesis.)]TJ
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0 Tw
(13)Tj
10 0 0 10 139.1143 267.1001 Tm
0.025 Tw
[(More prospecti)24.8(v)14.8(e)]TJ
-10.2114 -1.2 TD
[(studies with g)-19.9(reater numbers of cases must)]TJ
T*
[(be perfor)-19.9(med to compare MRI and CT for)]TJ
T*
[(detection of intracranial in)39.6(v)24.8(asion b)24.8(y)0( canine)]TJ
T*
[(nasal malignanc)14.8(y)84.9(.)]TJ
1.5 -1.35 TD
[(Nasal tumors are infrequentl)24.7(y diagnosed)]TJ
-1.5 -1.2 TD
[(earl)24.8(y in the course of the disease, primaril)24.7(y)]TJ
T*
[(because earl)24.8(y clinical signs are not reco)24.7(g-)]TJ
T*
[(nized b)24.8(y)0( the o)39.7(wners. Nasal disorders are)]TJ
T*
[(presented with v)14.8(e)0.3(r)-19.9(y)0( similar clinical signs,)]TJ
T*
[(re)14.7(gardless of the underl)24.7(ying patholo)24.7(g)-0.2(y)84.8(.)-0.2( )49.7(The)]TJ
T*
(median duration of signs prior to diagnosis)Tj
T*
[(repor)-19.9(ted in one study w)24.8(as 3 months.)]TJ
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0 Tc
0 Tw
(3)Tj
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(W)Tj
0.899 0 TD
-0.0052 Tc
(ith)Tj
-15.875 -1.2 TD
0.025 Tw
[(the increased a)34.8(v)24.8(ailability of CT)99.7(, MRI, and)]TJ
T*
[(rhinoscop)29.7(y)84.9(,)0( an earl)24.8(y diagnosis of a nasal)]TJ
T*
[(neoplasia is possib)19.6(le. )49.7(The cost of these diag-)]TJ
T*
(nostic procedures and the necessity of gen-)Tj
T*
[(eral anesthesia are still the limiting f)-10(actors)]TJ
T*
[(to the widespread use of such adv)24.7(anced)]TJ
ET
1 g
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f
BT
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0 g
[(imaging modalities in v)14.8(eterinar)-19.9(y medicine.)]TJ
T*
[(Most nasal tumors are locall)24.7(y agg)-19.9(ressi)24.8(v)14.8(e)0(,)]TJ
T*
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T*
[(repor)-19.9(ts indicating re)14.8(gional l)24.8(y)-0.1(mph node and)]TJ
T*
[(pulmonar)-19.9(y metastasis from the primar)-19.9(y)]TJ
T*
[(nasal neoplasm do e)14.8(xist in the literature.)]TJ
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-0.005 Tc
0 Tw
(6,14)Tj
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-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(Distant metastases \(pulmonar)-19.9(y and re)14.8(gional)]TJ
T*
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(l)Tj
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0.025 Tw
[(ymph nodes\) w)34.8(ere found at necropsy in)]TJ
-0.2479 -1.2 TD
[(41% of do)24.8(gs that had been treated with)]TJ
T*
[(radiotherap)29.7(y for nasal neoplasia.)]TJ
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-0.005 Tc
0 Tw
(14)Tj
10 0 0 10 235 316.0616 Tm
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(Metastasis rate appears to be lo)39.6(w)34.9(est among)]TJ
T*
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(6)Tj
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-4.492 -1.2 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ation therap)29.7(y is the treatment of choice for)]TJ
T*
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T*
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T*
[(tinizing squamous cell carcinoma in do)24.7(gs)]TJ
T*
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(15)Tj
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0.025 Tw
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(va)Tj
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0.0098 Tc
(ry)Tj
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( )Tj
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-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(and are dependent on the e)14.9(xtent of local)]TJ
-1.9964 -1.2 TD
[(tumor in)39.8(v)19.7(olv)14.8(ement in the nasal ca)34.9(vity and)]TJ
T*
[(the sur)-29.8(rounding anatomic str)-19.8(uctures.)]TJ
T*
[(Initiall)24.8(y)84.8(,)0( nasal dischar)17.8(ge \(b)19.7(loody)84.9(, mucopur)-19.8(u-)]TJ
T*
[(lent, or serous\), sneezing, f)-9.7(acial defor)-19.8(mity)84.9(,)]TJ
T*
[(and a temporar)-19.8(y response to antibiotics are)]TJ
T*
[(noted. In adv)24.9(anced disease, there is destr)-19.7(uc-)]TJ
T*
(tion of the nasal septum with bilateral)Tj
T*
[(in)39.7(v)19.7(olv)14.8(ement, defor)-19.8(mation of the nasal bones,)]TJ
T*
[(proptosis, and in)39.8(v)24.8(asion of the tumor into the)]TJ
T*
[(olf)-9.8(actor)-19.8(y lobe of the brain through the cribri-)]TJ
T*
[(for)-19.8(m plate.)]TJ
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(4)Tj
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-0.0101 Tc
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(In all eight cases described in)Tj
-4.8806 -1.2 TD
[(the present repor)-19.8(t, the cribrifor)-19.8(m plate w)24.9(a)0.1(s)]TJ
T*
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[(a dog \(Case 6\),)-194.8(tak)14.8(en after contr)19.7(ast)]TJ
T*
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[(ppr)19.7(o)15(xim)19.7(ately 3 mm later)19.7(al to the mid-)]TJ
-0.7026 -1.125 TD
-0.0003 Tc
0.0279 Tw
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T*
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[(sal MRI im)19.7(age fr)19.7(om)]TJ
-6.0601 -1.125 TD
[(a dog \(Case 6\) tak)14.8(en after con-)]TJ
T*
-0.0004 Tc
0.0279 Tw
[(tr)19.4(ast at le)19.4(v)19.4(el of orbits re)19.5(v)19.4(eals no)]TJ
T*
[(br)19.5(ain parench)29.5(ym)19.5(a in)19.5(v)29.5(o)-0.1(lv)19.5(ement.)]TJ
T*
-0.0001 Tc
0.0276 Tw
[(The str)19.7(aight line cour)-19.9(sing thr)19.7(ough)]TJ
T*
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ET
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[(ol. 2, No)34.8(. 3, 2004 )-500.1(Intern J )59.7(Appl Res )74.9(V)140(et Med)]TJ
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(vide more detailed diag-)Tj
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
[(obser)-19.8(v)14.8(ed with intranasal tumors than is con-)]TJ
T*
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0 Tw
(v)Tj
0.4751 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(entional skull radio)24.9(g)-19.9(raph)29.7(y)84.9(.)]TJ
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0 Tw
(9,13)Tj
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(Standard)Tj
-12.1732 -1.2 TD
0.025 Tw
[(skull radio)24.9(g)-19.9(raphs can pro)44.9(vide v)24.8(aluab)19.7(le infor-)]TJ
T*
(mation in diagnosing nasal tumors with loss)Tj
T*
[(of f)-59.9(ine trabecular patter)-19.8(n. )49.7(These changes are)]TJ
T*
[(better delineated with an open-mouth v)15(e)0(n-)]TJ
T*
[(trodorsal vie)24.9(w)89.8(.)-0.1( )54.8(As the disease pro)24.9(g)-19.9(resses,)]TJ
T*
[(de)24.8(viation or l)24.9(ysis of the nasal septum and)]TJ
T*
[(in)39.7(v)24.8(asion of the frontal sinuses can be noted)]TJ
T*
[(on con)39.7(v)14.8(entional radio)24.9(g)-19.9(raph)29.7(y)84.9(.)]TJ
6 0 0 6 141.4169 467.2178 Tm
0 Tw
(16)Tj
10 0 0 10 149.947 463.0615 Tm
[(Radio)24.8(g)-19.9(raph)29.7(y)]TJ
-12.1947 -1.2 TD
0 Tc
(w)Tj
0.687 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(as considered a reliab)19.8(le means for diagnos-)]TJ
-0.687 -1.2 TD
[(ing nasal neoplasia in do)24.9(gs w)19.7(hen an e)14.8(xter)-19.9(nal)]TJ
T*
[(mass and erosion of the bon)24.9(y nasal septum)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(w)Tj
0.677 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ere e)24.8(vident.)]TJ
6 0 0 6 80.21 419.2178 Tm
0 Tw
(17)Tj
10 0 0 10 89.2702 415.0616 Tm
0.025 Tw
[(Radio)24.9(g)-19.9(raphic criteria used to)]TJ
-6.127 -1.2 TD
-0.0351 Tc
0 Tw
(ev)Tj
0.874 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(aluate the agg)-19.8(ressi)24.8(v)14.8(eness of a nasal ca)34.9(vity)]TJ
-0.874 -1.2 TD
[(lesion on skull radio)24.9(g)-19.9(raphs include loss of)]TJ
T*
[(bone mar)17.8(gination \(conf)-59.8(inement\), bone)]TJ
T*
[(destr)-19.8(uction, and periosteal ne)24.9(w bone produc-)]TJ
T*
0 Tw
(tion.)Tj
6 0 0 6 45.5569 359.2178 Tm
0 Tc
(4)Tj
10 0 0 10 51.147 355.0616 Tm
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(It is suggested that radio)24.9(g)-19.9(raphs be per-)]TJ
-2.3147 -1.2 TD
[(for)-19.8(med prior to rhinoscop)29.8(y to pre)24.8(v)14.8(ent loss of)]TJ
T*
[(radio)24.8(g)-19.9(raphic detail due to rhinoscop)29.8(y-)]TJ
T*
[(induced hemor)-29.8(rhage.)]TJ
6 0 0 6 111.0532 323.2178 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
(4)Tj
10 0 0 10 116.094 319.0616 Tm
-0.0101 Tc
0.0249 Tw
[(A detail \(f)-59.9(ine\) rare-)]TJ
-8.8094 -1.2 TD
[(ear)-19.9(th intensifying screen-f)-59.8(ilm combination)]TJ
T*
(should be used.)Tj
6 0 0 6 88.9344 299.2179 Tm
0 Tw
(18)Tj
10 0 0 10 97.4646 295.0615 Tm
0.025 Tw
[(Excellent clinical infor)-19.8(ma-)]TJ
-6.9465 -1.2 TD
[(tion to diagnosis nasal disease in do)25(gs can be)]TJ
T*
[(aided b)24.9(y)0( nasal radio)24.9(g)-19.9(raphs, CT)99.8(, and MRI,)]TJ
T*
[(but a nasal biopsy with c)15(ytolo)24.9(gic and histo-)]TJ
T*
[(lo)24.8(gic e)24.8(v)24.8(aluation of tissue specimens is essen-)]TJ
T*
[(tial to conf)-59.8(ir)-19.9(m the diagnosis. )]TJ
1.5 -1.36 TD
-0.0051 Tc
[(This is strictl)24.8(y an obser)-19.9(v)24.8(ational study)]TJ
-1.5 -1.21 TD
[(and suggests that MRI is complementar)-20(y to)]TJ
T*
(CT in detecting changes in the brain)Tj
T*
[(parench)29.7(yma secondar)-19.9(y to nasal neoplasia.)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(F)Tj
0.5311 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(indings in this study w)34.8(ere not consistent)]TJ
-0.5311 -1.21 TD
(with Moore et al,)Tj
5 0 0 5 96.7653 164.4303 Tm
0 Tw
(13)Tj
10 0 0 10 104.4153 160.9616 Tm
0 Tc
(w)Tj
0.6972 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.0251 Tw
[(hose study of four do)24.8(gs)]TJ
-8.3387 -1.21 TD
[(demonstrated that MRI images w)34.8(ere superi-)]TJ
T*
[(or to CT images for detection of cribrifor)-20(m)]TJ
T*
[(plate in)39.7(v)19.7(olv)14.8(ement and pro)44.8(vided better)]TJ
T*
(anatomic detail both of the tumor and of)Tj
T*
[(secondar)-19.9(y changes, such as edema and com-)]TJ
T*
(pression of the adjacent tissue. )Tj
1.5 -1.37 TD
[(CT pro)44.8(vides better detail for detecting)]TJ
-1.5 -1.22 TD
[(bon)24.8(y changes in the nasal and skull re)14.7(gion)]TJ
T*
[(secondar)-19.9(y to nasal neoplasia. Compact bone)]TJ
ET
1 g
225 639 180 -601.002 re
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[(has insuf)24.8(f)-59.7(icient h)29.7(ydro)24.8(gen protons due to lo)39.7(w)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(w)Tj
0.692 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ater content and thus lo)39.6(w signal is generat-)]TJ
-0.692 -1.22 TD
[(ed for MRI scans. Because of the lo)39.6(w num-)]TJ
T*
[(ber and characteristics of the h)29.6(ydro)24.8(gen)]TJ
T*
(protons in bone, MRI is not considered use-)Tj
T*
[(ful in bone e)24.8(v)24.8(aluation, w)19.7(hereas CT pro)44.8(vides)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(e)Tj
0.424 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(xcellent detail of the bon)24.8(y str)-19.9(ucture.)]TJ
6 0 0 6 373.9242 562.0178 Tm
-0.005 Tc
0 Tw
(10,19)Tj
10 0 0 10 390.5143 557.8616 Tm
-0.0051 Tc
(CT)Tj
-16.4514 -1.22 TD
0.025 Tw
[(or MRI both pro)44.8(vide infor)-19.9(mation impor)-19.9(tant)]TJ
T*
[(for radiation therap)29.7(y planning. MRI pro-)]TJ
T*
[(vides much more detailed infor)-19.9(mation about)]TJ
T*
[(the brain and sur)-29.9(rounding soft tissue str)-19.9(uc-)]TJ
T*
[(tures. )54.8(Although a dif)24.8(ference w)24.8(as noted in)]TJ
T*
[(onl)24.8(y three of the eight cases studied)59.7(, it)]TJ
T*
[(appeared that the soft tissue contrast w)24.7(a)0.1(s)]TJ
T*
(better imaged with MRI than that acquired)Tj
T*
-0.0299 Tc
0 Tw
(by)Tj
0.965 0 TD
( )Tj
0.2699 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(CT in all eight cases. F)19.6(rom the results of)]TJ
-1.2349 -1.22 TD
[(this study)84.9(, it is suggested that MRI \(if a)34.7(v)24.8(ail-)]TJ
T*
[(ab)19.7(le\) should be perfor)-19.9(med to e)24.8(v)24.8(aluate the)]TJ
T*
[(intracalv)24.8(arial changes associated with)]TJ
T*
[(intranasal neoplasia in do)24.8(gs. )]TJ
1.5 -1.35 TD
[(Multiple sagittal and dorsal refor)-19.9(mations)]TJ
-1.5 -1.2 TD
[(at 2-mm inter)-19.9(v)24.8(als w)34.8(ere made from the origi-)]TJ
T*
[(nal transv)14.8(erse CT slices. No dif)24.8(ference in)]TJ
T*
[(diagnostic infor)-19.9(mation w)24.8(as noted w)19.7(hen CT)]TJ
T*
[(and MRI scans w)34.8(ere compared at the le)24.8(v)14.8(els)]TJ
T*
[(of cribrifor)-19.9(m)0( plate, frontal sinuses, and cau-)]TJ
T*
[(dal ethmoturbinates. )49.7(This indicates that CT)]TJ
T*
[(is equi)24.8(v)24.8(alent to MRI in detecting changes,)]TJ
T*
[(and refor)-19.9(mation images pro)44.8(vide the same)]TJ
T*
[(infor)-19.9(mation at those le)24.8(v)14.8(els. )49.7(The transv)14.8(erse)]TJ
T*
[(CT images suggested in)39.7(v)19.7(olv)14.8(ement of the)]TJ
T*
[(olf)-9.9(actor)-19.9(y peduncle in three cases. Sagittal)]TJ
T*
[(and dorsal refor)-19.9(mations of the acquired)]TJ
T*
[(transv)14.8(erse images refuted intracranial in)39.6(v)24.8(a)0(-)]TJ
T*
(sion in one of these three cases. In one other)Tj
T*
[(case, CT re)24.8(v)14.8(ealed no abnor)-19.9(malities at the)]TJ
T*
-0.005 Tc
[(le)24.9(v)14.9(el of olf)-9.8(actor)-19.8(y peduncle, but MRI)]TJ
T*
-0.0051 Tc
[(sho)39.7(w)34.9(ed in)39.7(v)19.7(olv)14.8(ement of the olf)-9.9(actor)-19.9(y pedun-)]TJ
T*
[(cle b)24.8(y)0( nasal neoplasia. Multiple 2-mm refor-)]TJ
T*
[(mations from the originall)24.7(y acquired)]TJ
T*
[(transv)14.8(erse CT acquisition, w)19.7(hile laborious,)]TJ
T*
[(do pro)44.7(vide additional infor)-20(mation re)14.7(garding)]TJ
T*
[(intracalv)24.8(arial in)39.7(v)24.8(asion b)24.8(y)0( canine intranasal)]TJ
T*
[(neoplasia. )54.8(Accurate deter)-19.9(mination of)]TJ
T*
[(destr)-19.9(uction or minor in)39.7(v)24.8(asion into the cribri-)]TJ
T*
[(for)-19.9(m plate is often dif)24.8(f)-59.7(icult to detect using)]TJ
T*
[(CT imaging unless the in)39.7(v)24.8(asion is pro-)]TJ
T*
[(nounced. )49.7(This is because the cribrifor)-19.9(m)]TJ
T*
[(plate is a dome-shaped str)-19.9(ucture.)]TJ
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-0.0299 Tc
0 Tw
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0.965 0 TD
( )Tj
0.2699 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(measuring the houndsf)-60(ield units both)]TJ
-1.235 -1.2 TD
[(before and after contrast, w)19.6(hich w)39.7(ould ha)34.8(v)14.8(e)]TJ
T*
[(pro)44.7(vided more infor)-20(mation re)14.7(garding)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(w)Tj
0.6972 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(hether or not contrast enhancement did)Tj
-0.6972 -1.2 TD
[(occur)54.8(. )49.7(This quantif)-59.9(ication w)24.8(as not done in)]TJ
T*
[(this study because a nor)-19.9(mal reference range)]TJ
T*
[(for the do)24.8(g skull w)24.8(as not a)34.8(v)24.8(ailab)19.7(l)0(e.)]TJ
1.5 -1.35 TD
-0.0101 Tc
[(Human literature re)24.9(vie)24.8(w re)24.8(v)14.8(eals that CT)]TJ
-1.5 -1.2 TD
[(is the e)14.8(xamination of choice in staging)]TJ
T*
[(sinonasal tumors. Ho)39.8(w)34.9(e)24.9(v)14.8(e)0.3(r)39.7(,)-0.1( MRI yields v)24.9(alu-)]TJ
T*
[(ab)19.7(le infor)-19.8(mation in cases w)19.8(here the neo-)]TJ
T*
[(plasm has in)39.8(v)24.8(aded the sur)-29.8(rounding muscle)]TJ
T*
(and soft tissue.)Tj
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0 Tw
(20)Tj
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0.025 Tw
(CT and MRI are also)Tj
-6.6158 -1.2 TD
[(impor)-19.8(tant in ef)24.9(fecti)24.8(v)14.8(e)0( radiotherap)29.8(y planning,)]TJ
T*
[(enab)19.7(ling more accurate radiation dose deli)25(v-)]TJ
T*
[(er)-19.9(y to the tumor bed.)]TJ
6 0 0 6 119.6829 441.7178 Tm
0 Tw
(14)Tj
10 0 0 10 127.6638 437.5615 Tm
0.0249 Tw
[(A pre)24.9(vious study)]TJ
6 0 0 6 194.636 441.7178 Tm
0 Tw
(13)Tj
10 0 0 10 37 425.5615 Tm
0.025 Tw
[(also sho)39.8(w)34.9(ed that MRI images w)34.9(ere superior)]TJ
T*
(to CT images in identifying changes with)Tj
T*
[(nasal tumors in)39.8(v)19.7(olving the rostral brain. )49.8(That)]TJ
T*
[(study re)24.9(v)14.8(ealed MRI w)24.9(as a better indicator of)]TJ
T*
[(peritumoral edema, displacement of nor)-19.7(mal)]TJ
T*
[(brain tissue b)24.9(y)0( the tumor mass, and collapse)]TJ
T*
[(of the lateral v)14.9(entricles. )49.8(These three abnor-)]TJ
T*
[(malities w)34.9(ere not as easil)24.9(y reco)24.9(gnized with)]TJ
T*
[(CT images. )54.9(All four do)24.9(gs in that study)]TJ
T*
(demonstrated clinical signs of nasal tumor)Tj
T*
[(in)39.7(v)24.8(asion into the central ner)-19.8(v)19.7(ous system and)]TJ
T*
[(neurolo)24.8(gic abnor)-19.8(malities. None of the eight)]TJ
T*
[(do)24.8(gs in the present study displa)35(y)19.7(ed clinical)]TJ
T*
[(signs of central ner)-19.8(v)19.7(ous system in)39.8(v)19.7(olv)14.8(ement. )]TJ
1.5 -1.35 TD
-0.0151 Tc
[(Although a statistical e)24.8(v)24.8(aluation can be)]TJ
-1.5 -1.2 TD
[(perfor)-19.9(med on the present data to calculate the)]TJ
T*
[(numerical signif)-59.9(icance of the results, such)]TJ
T*
[(anal)24.8(yses w)34.9(ere not perfor)-19.9(med because)]TJ
T*
[(changes noted in MRI v)14.8(ersus CT images)]TJ
T*
-0.05 Tc
0 Tw
(we)Tj
1.1009 0 TD
-0.0151 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(re clinicall)24.8(y)0( signif)-59.9(icant, w)19.7(hich w)24.8(as consid-)]TJ
-1.1009 -1.2 TD
[(ered suf)24.8(f)-59.7(icient for deter)-19.9(mination of method-)]TJ
T*
[(olo)24.8(gy superiority)84.9(. )54.8(A small number of cases)]TJ
T*
[(are repor)-19.9(ted here because of f)-59.9(inancial limita-)]TJ
T*
[(tions imposed b)24.8(y)0( CT and MRI. Extended)]TJ
T*
(anesthesia time in acquiring images of geri-)Tj
T*
[(atric patients w)24.8(as also a consideration.)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 37 100.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(CONCLUSIONS)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 37 86.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(F)Tj
0 g
0.5261 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(rom this study)84.9(, it w)24.9(as concluded that there)]TJ
-0.5261 -1.2 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(w)Tj
0.687 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(as no dif)24.8(ference noted in detecting changes)]TJ
-0.687 -1.2 TD
[(in the specif)-59.9(ied str)-19.8(uctures betw)34.9(een MRI and)]TJ
T*
[(CT)99.8(. MRI w)24.9(as complementar)-19.8(y to CT in)]TJ
ET
1 g
234 639 180 -594.002 re
f
BT
10 0 0 10 235 631.0615 Tm
0 g
[(detecting subtle changes in the re)15(gion of the)]TJ
T*
[(olf)-9.8(actor)-19.8(y peduncle of the frontal lobes of)]TJ
T*
[(brain. It w)24.9(as also concluded that MRI of)24.9(fers)]TJ
T*
[(the adv)24.9(antage of multiplanar image acquisi-)]TJ
T*
[(tion, but if MRI is not a)35(v)24.9(ailab)19.8(le, multiple)]TJ
T*
[(refor)-19.8(mations of CT images ma)34.9(y pro)44.9(vide)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(v)Tj
0.4651 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(aluab)19.7(le diagnostic infor)-19.8(mation.)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 235 535.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(A)Tj
0 g
0.718 0 TD
-0.0002 Tc
[(CKNO)19.6(WLEDGMENTS)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 235 521.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(This study w)Tj
0 g
5.1314 0 TD
[(as suppor)-19.9(ted b)24.8(y)-0.1( a g)-19.9(rant for)-19.9(m)]TJ
-5.1314 -1.2 TD
[(the Companion )54.8(Animal Memorial Fund. )49.7(The)]TJ
T*
[(authors thank Sha)39.7(wn L)69.8(ynn and Richard)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(K)Tj
0.692 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(een for technical assistance.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 235 461.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0002 Tc
0 Tw
(REFERENCES)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 239 447.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(1.)Tj
0 g
1.75 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(Brode)14.8(y RS: Canine and feline neoplasia. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 386.2645 447.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(Adv )Tj
0 g
1.7547 0 TD
-0.1401 Tc
[(Ve)-139.8(t)]TJ
-18.4128 -1.125 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(Sci Comp Med)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 302.6977 438.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1970; 14:309354.)Tj
0 g
-7.9622 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(2.)-1000.1(Confer )54.8(A)109.8(W)150(, DeP)14.8(aoki: Primar)-19.9(y neoplasms of the)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
[(nasal ca)34.8(vity)84.9(, paranasal sinuses and nasophar)-19.9(ynx)]TJ
T*
[(in the do)24.8(g. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 289.3969 406.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(V)Tj
0 g
0.4709 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.0249 Tw
[(et P)79.7(athol)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 324.0313 406.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1978; 15:1830.)Tj
0 g
-10.6289 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(3.)-1000.1(Made)24.8(w)34.9(ell BR, Priester )29.7(W)119.9(A, Gillette EL, et al:)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
(Neoplasms of the nasal passages and paranasal)Tj
T*
[(sinuses in domesticated animals as repor)-19.9(ted b)24.8(y)]TJ
T*
[(13 v)14.8(eterinar)-19.9(y colle)14.8(ges. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 328.1508 365.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(Am J )Tj
0 g
2.2517 0 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(V)Tj
0.471 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(et Res)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 371.654 365.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(1976;)Tj
0 g
-14.8317 -1.125 TD
(37:851856.)Tj
-1.75 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(4.)-1000.1(Le)14.8(gendre )54.8(AM, Spaulding K, Krahwink)9.7(el DJ Jr:)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
(Canine nasal and paranasal sinus tumors. )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 387.7098 333.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(J )Tj
0 g
0.659 0 TD
-0.0002 Tc
(Am)Tj
-17.4978 -1.125 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(Anim Hosp )59.7(Assoc)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 311.5532 324.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1983; 19:115123.)Tj
0 g
-9.0692 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(5.)-1000.1(Ogilvie GK, LaRue SM: Canine and feline nasal)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
(and paranasal sinus tumors. )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 344.2141 301.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(V)Tj
0 g
0.4709 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(et Clin North )59.7(Am)]TJ
-11.8727 -1.125 TD
-0.0347 Tw
[(Small Anim )-59.7(Pr)44.8(act)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 311.6391 292.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1992; 22:11331144.)Tj
0 g
-9.0799 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(6.)-1000.1(P)14.9(atnaik )54.8(AK: Canine sinonasal neoplasms:)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
[(Clinicopatholo)24.8(gical study of 285 cases. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 381.7696 269.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(J )Tj
0 g
0.659 0 TD
-0.0002 Tc
(Am)Tj
-16.7552 -1.125 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(Anim Hosp )59.7(Assoc)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 311.5532 260.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1989; 25:103114.)Tj
0 g
-9.0692 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(7.)-1000.1(Thrall DE, Rober)-19.9(tson ID)59.7(, McLeod D)39.7(A, Heidner)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
[(GL, Hoopes JP)159.8(, P)14.8(age RL: )54.8(A comparison of radi-)]TJ
T*
-0.0249 Tc
0 Tw
(og)Tj
0.9949 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(raphic and computed tomo)24.8(g)-19.9(raphic f)-59.9(indings in)]TJ
-0.9949 -1.125 TD
[(31 do)24.8(gs with malignant nasal ca)34.8(vity tumors. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 397.447 219.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(V)Tj
0 g
0.4709 0 TD
-0.0003 Tc
(et)Tj
-18.5268 -1.125 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(Radiol)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 276.532 210.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1989; 30:5966. )Tj
0 g
-4.6915 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(8.)-1000.1(Codner EC, Lur)-19.9(us )54.8(A)39.8(G, Miller JB)29.7(, et al:)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
[(Comparison of computed tomo)24.8(g)-19.9(raph)29.7(y with radi-)]TJ
T*
-0.0249 Tc
0 Tw
(og)Tj
0.9949 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(raph)29.7(y as a nonin)39.7(v)24.8(asi)24.8(v)14.8(e)0( diagnostic technique)]TJ
-0.9949 -1.125 TD
[(for chronic nasal disease in do)24.8(gs. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 362.1786 169.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(J)Tj
0 g
0.4041 0 TD
(A)Tj
0.531 0 TD
-0.0003 Tc
(VMA)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 388.2946 169.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(1993;)Tj
0 g
-16.9118 -1.125 TD
(202:11061110.)Tj
-1.75 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(9.)-1000.1(P)14.9(ark RD)59.7(, Beck ER, LeCouter RA: Comparison)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
[(of computed tomo)24.8(g)-19.9(raph)29.7(y and radio)24.8(g)-19.9(raph)29.7(y for)]TJ
T*
[(detecting changes induced b)24.8(y)0( malignant nasal)]TJ
T*
[(neoplasia in do)24.8(gs. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.9438 119.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(J)Tj
0 g
0.4041 0 TD
(A)Tj
0.531 0 TD
-0.0003 Tc
(VMA)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 339.0598 119.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1992; 201:17201724.)Tj
0 g
-12.5075 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(10.)-500.1(Shores )54.8(A: Magnetic resonance imaging. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 383.7344 105.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(V)Tj
0 g
0.4709 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(et Clin)Tj
-16.8128 -1.125 TD
-0.0347 Tw
[(North Am )-59.7(Small Anim )-59.7(Pr)44.8(act)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 344.8926 96.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1993; 23:437459.)Tj
0 g
-13.2366 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(11.)-500.1(T)85(uck)9.7(er RL, Ga)34.8(vin PR: Brain imaging. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 377.5809 82.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(V)Tj
0 g
0.471 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(et Clin)Tj
-16.0436 -1.125 TD
-0.0347 Tw
[(North Am )-59.7(Small Anim )-59.7(Pr)44.8(act)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 344.8926 73.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1996; 26:735757.)Tj
0 g
-13.2366 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(12.)-500.1(V)128.9(o)24.8(ges )54.8(AK, )54.8(Ack)9.7(er)-19.9(man N: MR e)24.8(v)24.8(aluation of intra)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
[(and e)14.8(xtracranial e)14.8(xtension of nasal adenocarcino-)]TJ
ET
1 g
35.99 34.342 356 -16.333 re
f
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
9.5 0 0 9.5 36.9901 26.7505 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(Intern J )Tj
0 g
3.3774 0 TD
0 Tc
[(Appl Res )74.9(V)140.1(et Med)-500()-499.9(V)140.1(ol. 2, No)34.9(. 3, 2004)]TJ
ET
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W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
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/F5 1 Tf
9.5 0 0 9.5 222.1381 26.7505 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(V)Tj
0 g
0.4709 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ol. 2, No)34.8(. 3, 2004 )-500.1(Intern J )59.7(Appl Res )74.9(V)140(et Med)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F1 1 Tf
11.5 0 0 11.5 28 26.4631 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(208)Tj
ET
1 g
27 639 180 -183 re
f
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 46 632.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(ma in a do)Tj
0 g
4.2435 0 TD
(g and cat. )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 113.4227 632.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(V)Tj
0 g
0.471 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(et Radiol Ultr)44.8(asound)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 186.9798 632.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(1995;)Tj
0 g
-17.6225 -1.125 TD
(36:196200.)Tj
-1.75 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(13.)-500.1(Moore MP)159.8(, Ga)34.8(vin PR, Kraft SL, et al: MR, CT)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
[(and clinical features from four do)24.8(gs with nasal)]TJ
T*
[(tumors in)39.7(v)19.7(olving the rostral cerebr)-19.9(um. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 171.9727 591.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
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(V)Tj
0 g
0.4709 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
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(et Radiol)Tj
ET
Q
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1.75 -1.125 TD
[(Radiotherap)29.7(y of malignant nasal tumors in 67)]TJ
T*
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[(do)24.9(gs. )]TJ
ET
Q
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1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
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(J)Tj
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(A)Tj
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[(15.)-500.1(Cor)-29.9(rea SS, Mauldin GN)24.8(, Mauldin GE, P)14.8(atnaik)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
[(AK: Ef)24.8(f)-59.7(icac)14.8(y of cobalt-60 radiation therap)29.7(y for)]TJ
T*
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T*
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ET
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q
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(Am Anim)Tj
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(Hosp Assoc)Tj
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[(16.)-500.1(Bright RM, Bojrab MJ: Intranasal neoplasia in)]TJ
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ET
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(J )Tj
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[(Am Anim )-59.7(Hosp Assoc)]TJ
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[(17.)-500.1(Har)-19.9(v)14.8(e)14.9(y CE, Bier)-19.9(y DN)24.8(, Morello J)59.7(,)0( et al: Chronic)]TJ
1.75 -1.175 TD
[(nasal disease in the do)24.8(g: Its radio)24.8(g)-19.9(raphic diagno-)]TJ
T*
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(sis. )Tj
ET
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[(18.)-500.1(Miyaba)34.8(yashi )49.7(T)99.9(,)0( Biller DS, Haider PR, et al:)]TJ
1.75 -1.175 TD
[(Radio)24.8(g)-19.9(raphic appearances of the nasal conchae)]TJ
T*
[(in do)24.8(gs using dif)24.8(ferent screen-f)-59.9(ilm systems: )54.8(A)]TJ
T*
[(postmor)-19.9(tem study)84.9(. )]TJ
ET
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-0.0001 Tc
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(J )Tj
0 g
0.659 0 TD
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[(Am Anim )-59.7(Hosp Assoc)]TJ
ET
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(1994;)Tj
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-17.2046 -1.175 TD
0.025 Tw
(30:382388. )Tj
-1.75 -1.8 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(19.)-500.1(Thomson CE, K)34.8(o)0.1(r)-19.9(n)0(e)14.8(g)4.8(a)35(y)0( JN)24.8(, Bur)-19.9(n RA, et al:)]TJ
1.75 -1.175 TD
(Magnetic resonance imaginga general)Tj
T*
-0.0449 Tc
0 Tw
(ov)Tj
0.9402 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(er)-19.9(vie)24.8(w of principles and e)14.8(xamples in v)14.8(eteri-)]TJ
-0.9402 -1.175 TD
[(nar)-19.9(y neurodiagnosis.)]TJ
ET
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0.025 Tw
[(et Radiol Ultr)44.8(asound)]TJ
ET
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(1993; 34:217.)Tj
0 g
-1.75 -1.8 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(20.)-500.1(Krengli M, )54.8(A)109.8(v)24.8(ataneo )49.7(T)99.9(,)0( Orecchia R, et al:)]TJ
1.75 -1.175 TD
[(Def)-59.9(inition of the )49.7(T parameter in nasosinusal neo-)]TJ
T*
[(plasms: a CT)139.8(-MR comparison. )]TJ
ET
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(Radiol Med)Tj
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[(\(T)91.6(orino\))]TJ
ET
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