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( )Tj
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T*
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(6)Tj
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[(Ho)39.7(w)34.9(e)25(v)14.8(e)0.3(r)39.7(,)0( the etiolo-)]TJ
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[(gy of O)64.9(A)0( is still poorl)24.8(y understood.)]TJ
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[(Recentl)24.8(y)84.9(,)0( increasing e)24.8(vidence indicates that)]TJ
T*
[(the neuro)24.8(genic components from the senso-)]TJ
T*
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(ry)Tj
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( )Tj
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[(Experimentall)19.7(y-Induced)]TJ
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[(aculty of )74.9(V)140(eterinary Medicine)]TJ
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[(Univer)9.7(siti Putr)44.8(a Malaysia)]TJ
T*
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[(43400 Ser)36.9(dang)]TJ
T*
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[(Selang)24.8(or)110.7(, Malaysia)]TJ
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T*
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(f)Tj
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(fects of oral administration of )Tj
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(striatus)Tj
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(e)Tj
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T*
[(\(O)64.9(A\) in a stifle joint. Changes after the)]TJ
T*
[(treatment w)34.8(ere e)24.8(v)24.8(aluated b)24.8(y)0( radio)24.8(g)-19.9(raph)29.7(y)84.9(,)]TJ
T*
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T*
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0 Tw
(w)Tj
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-0.0051 Tc
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T*
[(sue s)19.7(w)34.9(elling obser)-19.9(v)14.8(ed in radio)24.8(g)-19.9(raphs for)]TJ
T*
[(treated animals 9 w)34.8(eeks after treatment)]TJ
T*
[(compared with that obser)-19.9(v)14.8(ed for untreated)]TJ
T*
[(ones. )49.7(There w)24.8(as signif)-59.9(icant impro)44.8(v)14.8(ement in)]TJ
T*
[(the density of PGP 9.5-immunoreacti)24.7(v)14.8(e)]TJ
T*
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T*
(treated animals compared with that for con-)Tj
T*
(trols. Results of this study suggest that oral)Tj
T*
(administration of )Tj
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(C. striatus)Tj
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(e)Tj
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0.424 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(xtract can be a)Tj
-11.9004 -1.2 TD
[(good alter)-19.9(nati)24.8(v)14.8(e treatment for O)64.8(A. )]TJ
ET
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(INTR)Tj
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2.2432 0 TD
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(ODUCTION)Tj
ET
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(Channa striatus, )Tj
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(a snak)Tj
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2.5119 0 TD
[(ehead f)-59.9(ish, is a w)34.8(ell-)]TJ
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[(kno)39.7(wn natural remedy that has long been)]TJ
T*
[(used b)24.8(y)0( people in man)24.8(y par)-19.9(ts of Southeast)]TJ
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(v)Tj
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-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(elopment of ar)-19.9(thritis.)]TJ
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-0.005 Tc
0 Tw
(7,8)Tj
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-0.0051 Tc
(Chemical)Tj
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0.025 Tw
[(lesioning of these f)-59.9(ibers sho)39.7(w)34.9(ed a decrease)]TJ
T*
[(in the inflammator)-19.9(y response in ar)-19.9(thritic)]TJ
T*
0 Tw
(joints.)Tj
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-0.005 Tc
(9,10)Tj
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-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(Hence, it is suggested that these)Tj
-3.5724 -1.2 TD
[(neuro)24.8(genic components could lead to)]TJ
T*
[(inflammator)-19.9(y response and could be)]TJ
T*
[(in)39.7(v)19.7(olv)14.8(ed in the pain pathw)24.8(a)35(y)-0.1( in O)64.9(A)0(.)]TJ
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0 Tw
(11,12)Tj
10 0 0 10 43 310.989 Tm
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(The present this study w)24.8(as conducted to)]TJ
-1.5 -1.2 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(e)Tj
0.424 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(xamine the ef)24.8(fect of )]TJ
ET
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(C. striatus)Tj
ET
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-0.0051 Tc
0.0251 Tw
(on the)Tj
0 g
-13.0741 -1.2 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(e)Tj
0.424 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(xperimentall)24.8(y induced O)64.8(A)0( in rabbits. In)]TJ
-0.424 -1.2 TD
[(this study)84.9(, the general inner)-19.9(v)24.8(ation of syn-)]TJ
T*
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0 Tw
(o)Tj
0.4501 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(vial membrane from the treated and)Tj
-0.4501 -1.2 TD
[(untreated animals w)24.8(as mapped out b)24.8(y)-0.1( using)]TJ
T*
[(antiser)-20(um against protein gene product 9.5)]TJ
T*
(\(PGP 9.5\), a major protein component of)Tj
T*
[(neuronal c)14.8(ytoplasm.)]TJ
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0 Tw
(13)Tj
ET
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10 0 0 10 28 190.989 Tm
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/GS1 gs
-0.0003 Tc
0 Tw
(MA)Tj
0 g
1.6477 0 TD
-0.0002 Tc
0.0113 Tw
[(TERIALS AND )-19.7(METHODS)]TJ
ET
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(Animals)Tj
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W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 28 159.989 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(T)Tj
0 g
0.486 0 TD
(w)Tj
0.682 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(enty 6-month-old Ne)24.8(w Zealand )29.7(White)]TJ
-1.168 -1.2 TD
[(rabbits w)34.8(ere separated into tw)39.7(o g)-19.8(roups of)]TJ
T*
-0.0247 Tw
[(10. T)35(r)0(eatments )-49.7(\()]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 92.6565 135.9891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(C. striatus)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 136.7292 135.9891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(or saline control\))Tj
0 g
-10.8729 -1.2 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(w)Tj
0.682 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ere allocated to the tw)39.7(o g)-19.9(roups.)]TJ
-0.682 -1.2 TD
[(Radio)24.8(g)-19.9(raphs of the stifle joints of all ani-)]TJ
T*
[(mals r)-19.9(uled out an)24.8(y possibility of e)14.8(xisting)]TJ
T*
[(joint disease. O)64.8(A)0( w)24.8(as then induced in the)]TJ
T*
[(right stifle joint of each rabbit b)24.7(y)0( transecting)]TJ
T*
[(the anterior cr)-20(uciate ligament based on a)]TJ
T*
[(pub)19.7(lished method.)]TJ
5 0 0 5 101.0821 55.4579 Tm
0 Tw
(14)Tj
10 0 0 10 108.7322 51.9891 Tm
0.025 Tw
[(Radio)24.8(g)-19.9(raphs w)34.8(ere tak)9.7(en)]TJ
ET
1 g
225 639 180 -594.002 re
f
BT
10 0 0 10 226 631.0615 Tm
0 g
[(again 8 w)34.7(eeks later to v)14.7(erify that O)64.7(A)-0.1( had)]TJ
T*
[(de)24.8(v)14.8(eloped in these animals prior to treat-)]TJ
T*
[(ment. F)49.7(ollo)39.7(w-up radio)24.8(g)-19.9(raphs w)34.8(ere tak)9.7(en)]TJ
T*
[(again follo)39.6(wing 9 w)34.7(eeks of treatment to)]TJ
T*
[(obser)-19.9(v)14.8(e)0( and compare changes in treated and)]TJ
T*
[(untreated animals. )54.8(All rabbits had free)]TJ
T*
[(access to w)24.8(ater and pellets during the induc-)]TJ
T*
(tion and treatment periods.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F5 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 226 529.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0.0099 Tc
0.025 Tw
(Channa striatus )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F4 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 297.0078 529.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0.0099 Tc
0 Tw
(Extr)Tj
0 g
1.9738 0 TD
[(act)-285.1(Pr)29.7(epar)9.7(ation)]TJ
-9.0746 -1.2 TD
-0.0347 Tw
[(and T)83.9(r)]TJ
2.8741 0 TD
-0.0002 Tc
0 Tw
(eatments)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 226 503.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
(C. striatus)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 269.473 503.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(e)Tj
0 g
0.419 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(xtract w)24.9(as prepared according to)]TJ
-4.7663 -1.2 TD
[(pub)19.7(lished methods.)]TJ
5 0 0 5 302.0218 494.5303 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
(4)Tj
10 0 0 10 307.1219 491.0615 Tm
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(Briefl)24.8(y)84.9(,)0( the e)14.8(xtract w)24.9(a)0.1(s)]TJ
-8.1122 -1.2 TD
[(prepared b)24.9(y)0( using fresh boneless f)-59.8(ish f)-59.9(illet)]TJ
T*
[(with the skin still intact, w)19.8(hich yielded a)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(f)Tj
0.3826 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(inal concentration of appro)19.8(ximatel)24.8(y 50%)]TJ
-0.3826 -1.2 TD
0.0496 Tc
0 Tw
(fi)Tj
0.6505 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(sh in w)24.9(ater)54.9(. )49.7(The e)14.8(xtract w)24.9(as administered)]TJ
-0.6505 -1.2 TD
[(orall)24.8(y to each rabbit at 10 ml/kg body w)35(eight)]TJ
T*
[(three times dail)24.9(y)84.8(.)0( Rabbits in the control)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(g)Tj
0.5098 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(roup recei)24.8(v)14.8(ed nor)-19.8(mal saline at 10 ml/kg)]TJ
-0.5098 -1.2 TD
[(body w)34.9(eight three times dail)24.9(y)84.9(.)-0.1( )54.8(All animals)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(w)Tj
0.677 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
(ere treated according to this schedule for 9)Tj
-0.677 -1.2 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(w)Tj
0.677 0 TD
-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(eeks before the)14.9(y w)34.9(ere euthanized. Samples)]TJ
-0.677 -1.2 TD
[(of the left \(nonar)-19.8(thritic\) and right \(ar)-19.8(thritic\))]TJ
T*
[(syno)44.9(vial membrane w)34.9(ere collected for)]TJ
T*
[(immunohistochemistr)-19.8(y e)24.8(v)24.8(aluation.)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F4 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 226 317.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0003 Tc
0 Tw
(Imm)Tj
0 g
2.0295 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(unohistochemistry)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 226 303.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0.0251 Tw
(The syno)Tj
0 g
3.6337 0 TD
[(vial membrane w)24.8(a)0.1(s f)-59.9(i)0(x)29.7(ed o)44.8(v)14.8(er)-19.9(night)]TJ
-3.6337 -1.2 TD
[(in 4% parafor)-19.9(maldeh)29.7(yde and processed for)]TJ
T*
[(immunohistochemistr)-19.9(y)84.9(.)0( Briefl)24.8(y)84.9(,)0( samples)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(w)Tj
0.682 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(ere snap-frozen in isopentane, cooled in)Tj
-0.682 -1.2 TD
[(liquid nitro)24.8(gen, and sectioned at 8m in a)]TJ
T*
[(cr)-19.9(y)19.7(ostat. )49.7(The sections w)34.8(ere deh)29.7(ydrated in)]TJ
T*
[(alcohol, rinsed in 0.1M phosphate b)-5.1(u)0.1(f)24.8(fered)]TJ
T*
[(saline, and incubated in the primar)-20(y anti-)]TJ
T*
[(ser)-19.9(um: anti-PGP 9.5 \(Ultraclone Cambridge)]TJ
T*
[(Ltd\) for 24 hours at 4C. Sections w)34.8(ere)]TJ
T*
[(incubated in secondar)-19.9(y antiser)-19.9(um \(biotin)24.8(y-)]TJ
T*
-0.005 Tc
[(lated goat anti-rabbit [GAR] immuno)24.8(globu-)]TJ
T*
-0.0051 Tc
[(lins\), follo)39.7(w)34.9(ed b)24.8(y)0( a)34.8(vidin-biotin)24.8(ylated)]TJ
T*
[(horseradish pero)19.7(xidase comple)14.8(x \(a)34.8(vidin-)]TJ
T*
[(HRP\). Both GAR and a)34.8(vidin-HRP w)34.8(ere)]TJ
T*
[(incubated at room temperature for 1 hour)54.7(.)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(F)Tj
0.5311 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(inall)24.8(y)84.9(,)0( sections w)34.8(ere immersed in glucose)]TJ
-0.5311 -1.2 TD
[(diaminobenzidine nick)9.6(el substrate, w)24.8(ashed)]TJ
T*
[(in distilled w)24.8(ater)39.7(, stained with eosin, and)]TJ
T*
[(then mounted with DPX resin. )54.8(A ne)14.7(gati)24.7(v)14.7(e)]TJ
T*
[(control w)24.8(as prepared b)24.8(y)0( omitting the pri-)]TJ
T*
[(mar)-19.9(y antisera from the process.)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F7 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 34 632.0801 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(T)Tj
0 g
0.3501 0 TD
0.0005 Tc
0.0273 Tw
(able 1.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F8 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 65.6801 632.0801 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.0277 Tw
(Density of PGP 9.5-imm)Tj
0 g
11.1768 0 TD
-0.0005 Tc
0 Tw
[(unoreactiv)19.3(e)]TJ
-15.1368 -1.125 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.0276 Tw
[(Fiber)-19.9(s in the Syno)29.7(vial Membr)19.7(ane of Nor)-27.9(m)19.7(a)0.1(l)]TJ
T*
-0.0003 Tc
0.0082 Tw
[(Joints)-20.1(,)-194.8(Saline-T)29.5(reated Ar)-20.1(thr)-20.1(itic )-19.7(Joints)-20.1(,)-194.8(and)]TJ
T*
-0.0001 Tc
0.0277 Tw
[(Ar)-19.9(thr)-19.9(itic Joints )24.8(T)29.9(r)4(eated with Channa str)-19.9(iatus)]TJ
T*
[(Extr)19.7(act in Ne)19.7(w Zealand )24.8(White Ra)-19.9(bbits)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F9 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 133.889 584.0801 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.0278 Tw
(Density of PGP)Tj
0 g
-12.4861 -1.125 TD
0 Tw
[(Joint)-9042.1(9.5-Immunoreactive)]TJ
14.4304 -1.125 TD
(Fibers*)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F10 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 34 553.0801 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0002 Tc
0 Tw
(Normal)Tj
0 g
14.957 0 TD
0 Tc
(++++)Tj
-14.957 -1.625 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.0278 Tw
[(Saline-treated arthritic)-6041.3()]TJ
T*
[(Channa striatus-treated arthritic)-1192.6(+++)]TJ
7 0 0 7 34 517.0801 Tm
0 Tw
(*Scale:)Tj
0 -1 TD
0.0278 Tw
[(++++)-372.2(= )-688.2(Abundant immunoreactive fibers were pres-)]TJ
4.2857 -1 TD
(ent. Blood vessels completely surrounded by)Tj
T*
(rich plexus of fibers and a large number of)Tj
T*
(free nerve fibers were present.)Tj
-4.2857 -1 TD
[(+++)-956.2(= )-688.2(Blood vessels were only partially surrounded)]TJ
4.2857 -1 TD
(by thin plexus of immunoreactive fibers. Free)Tj
T*
(nerve fibers were sparse.)Tj
-4.2857 -1 TD
[(++)-1540.2(=)-993.8(Few free nerve fibers and fibers associated)]TJ
4.2857 -1 TD
(with blood vessels present. )Tj
-4.2857 -1 TD
2.124 Tc
0 Tw
(+=)Tj
3.2918 0 TD
( )Tj
0.9939 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.0278 Tw
(Only one or two nerve fibers present in the)Tj
0 -1 TD
(entire synovial membrane.)Tj
-4.2857 -1 TD
2.152 Tc
0 Tw
(=)Tj
4.2857 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.0278 Tw
(No nerve fibers were detected.)Tj
ET
0 G
0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M []0 d
27.5 591.819 179 -67.319 re
160.072 433.08 m
27 563.5 m
207 563.5 l
S
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1 i
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0 666 m
W n
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W n
1 g
/GS1 gs
377.995 35.973 35.999 -18.448 re
f
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
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BT
/F1 1 Tf
11.5 0 0 11.5 393.8493 26.4631 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(173)Tj
ET
1 g
36 639 180 -594.002 re
f
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F6 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 37 365.5646 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(RESUL)Tj
0 g
2.8926 0 TD
-0.0002 Tc
(TS)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F4 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 37 348.5645 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(Radio)Tj
0 g
2.5459 0 TD
0.025 Tw
[(gr)9.7(aphic Chang)19.7(es)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 37 334.5646 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0 Tw
(Radio)Tj
0 g
2.3388 0 TD
0 Tc
(g)Tj
0.5148 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(raphs tak)9.7(en prior to the induction of)]TJ
-2.8536 -1.2 TD
-0.07 Tc
0 Tw
(OA)Tj
1.3689 0 TD
( )Tj
0.27 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(sho)39.7(w)34.9(ed distinct joint space and no sign)]TJ
-1.6389 -1.2 TD
[(of possib)19.7(le joint disease \(F)19.7(igure 1\).)]TJ
T*
[(De)24.8(v)14.8(elopment of O)64.8(A)0( w)24.8(as obser)-19.9(v)14.8(ed in joints)]TJ
T*
[(8 w)34.8(eeks after induction of O)64.8(A)0( \(F)19.7(igure 1\).)]TJ
T*
[(Joint-space nar)-29.9(ro)39.7(wing with signif)-59.9(icant peri-)]TJ
T*
[(ar)-19.9(ticular soft tissue s)19.6(w)34.9(elling w)24.8(as obser)-19.9(v)14.8(e)0(d)]TJ
T*
(as an increased radiopacity area around the)Tj
T*
[(joint. Minute and lucent osteoph)29.6(ytes had)]TJ
T*
[(also de)24.8(v)14.8(eloped in these joints, par)-19.9(ticularl)24.8(y at)]TJ
T*
[(the mar)17.7(gins of the periar)-19.9(ticular bone.)]TJ
T*
[(Radio)24.8(g)-19.9(raphs tak)9.7(en after the 9)]TJ
5 0 0 5 154.1265 206.0333 Tm
0 Tw
(th)Tj
10 0 0 10 160.6658 202.5646 Tm
0 Tc
(w)Tj
0.682 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(eek of)Tj
-13.0486 -1.2 TD
[(treatment \(F)19.7(igure 1\) sho)39.7(w)34.9(ed mark)9.7(ed reduc-)]TJ
T*
[(tion in soft tissue s)19.6(w)34.9(elling for joints treated)]TJ
T*
0 Tw
(with )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.276 166.5645 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(C. striatus)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 101.3488 166.5645 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(e)Tj
0 g
0.424 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
(xtract. )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F4 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 37 149.5645 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(Inner)Tj
0 g
2.3787 0 TD
0 Tc
(v)Tj
0.4702 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ation of the Syno)39.7(vial Membr)9.7(ane)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 37 135.5646 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0202 Tc
0 Tw
(Inner)Tj
0 g
2.0292 0 TD
0 Tc
(v)Tj
0.4551 0 TD
-0.0201 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ation of PGP 9.5-immunoreacti)24.7(v)14.8(e)]TJ
-2.4843 -1.2 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(f)Tj
0.3726 0 TD
-0.0201 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ibers in the syno)44.8(vial membrane from nor)-19.9(mal)]TJ
-0.3726 -1.2 TD
[(nonar)-19.9(thritic \(left\) joints w)24.8(as v)14.8(e)0.3(r)-19.9(y)0( dense, par-)]TJ
T*
[(ticularl)24.8(y in the subintimal la)34.8(y)19.7(er of the syn-)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(o)Tj
0.4351 0 TD
-0.0201 Tc
0.0249 Tw
[(vial membrane \(F)19.6(igure 2\). F)49.7(e)24.9(w ner)-19.9(v)14.8(e)0.1( f)-59.9(i)0(bers)]TJ
-0.4351 -1.2 TD
[(had penetrated the intimal la)34.7(y)19.7(er of the similar)]TJ
T*
[(syno)44.8(vial membrane. In contrast, no)]TJ
T*
[(immunoreacti)24.8(v)14.8(e)0.1( f)-59.9(ibers w)34.8(ere detected in both)]TJ
ET
1 g
234 639 180 -594.002 re
f
BT
10 0 0 10 235 355.0618 Tm
0 g
[(subintimal and intimal la)34.8(y)19.7(ers of the syno)44.8(vial)]TJ
T*
[(membrane from joints that had ar)-20(thritis)]TJ
T*
[(induced and treated with saline \(F)19.6(igure 2\).)]TJ
T*
[(The syno)44.8(vial membrane w)24.8(as hea)34.8(vil)24.8(y)0( inf)-59.9(iltrat-)]TJ
T*
[(ed with inflammator)-19.9(y cells and b)19.6(lood v)14.8(essels)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(w)Tj
0.667 0 TD
-0.02 Tc
0.0249 Tw
[(ere abundantl)24.9(y found in the subintimal la)34.8(y)19.8(e)0.4(r)55(.)]TJ
0.833 -1.35 TD
-0.0051 Tc
[(Ho)39.7(w)34.9(e)25(v)14.8(e)0.3(r)39.7(,)0( density w)24.8(as impro)44.8(v)14.8(ed for)]TJ
-1.5 -1.2 TD
[(immunoreacti)24.8(v)14.8(e)0.1( f)-59.9(ibers in the syno)44.8(vial mem-)]TJ
T*
[(brane from ar)-19.9(thritic joints treated with )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
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0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 390.1324 257.5618 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.005 Tc
0 Tw
(C.)Tj
0 g
-15.5132 -1.2 TD
-0.0051 Tc
(striatus)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 264.6027 245.5618 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.005 Tc
0 Tw
(. )Tj
0 g
0.4652 0 TD
0.0248 Tw
(The distribution of PGP 9.5-)Tj
-3.4255 -1.2 TD
-0.0051 Tc
[(immunoreacti)24.8(v)14.8(e)0.1( f)-59.9(ibers detected in the subin-)]TJ
T*
[(timal la)34.8(y)19.7(er of the syno)44.8(vial membrane w)24.8(a)0.1(s)]TJ
T*
0.025 Tw
[(similar to that detected in the nor)-20(mal syn-)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(o)Tj
0.4501 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(vial membrane, although the density of)Tj
-0.4501 -1.2 TD
[(these immunoreacti)24.8(v)14.8(e)0.1( f)-59.9(ibers w)24.8(as lo)39.7(w)34.9(er than)]TJ
T*
[(for nor)-19.9(mal syno)44.8(vial membrane \(F)19.7(igure 2\). )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F6 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 235 149.5619 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(DISCUSSION)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 235 135.5619 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(C. striatus)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 279.0727 135.5619 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(is a freshw)Tj
0 g
4.3009 0 TD
[(ater f)-59.9(ish that is widel)24.8(y)]TJ
-8.7082 -1.2 TD
[(consumed for its nutritional v)24.7(alue as w)34.8(ell as)]TJ
T*
[(for its benef)-59.9(icial ef)24.8(fect in w)39.7(ound healing.)]TJ
5 0 0 5 399.5002 115.0306 Tm
-0.005 Tc
0 Tw
(15,16)Tj
10 0 0 10 235 99.5619 Tm
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(Although there are man)24.8(y studies repor)-19.9(ted on)]TJ
T*
[(its therapeutic ef)24.8(fect in w)39.7(ound healing and)]TJ
T*
(in pain reduction, no research has been done)Tj
T*
[(to study the ef)24.8(fect of this f)-59.9(ish e)14.8(xtract on)]TJ
T*
(joint diseases. )Tj
ET
1 g
35.99 34.342 356 -16.333 re
f
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
9.5 0 0 9.5 36.9901 26.7505 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(Intern J )Tj
0 g
3.3774 0 TD
0 Tc
[(Appl Res )74.9(V)140.1(et Med)-500()-499.9(V)140.1(ol. 2, No)34.9(. 3, 2004)]TJ
ET
1 g
36 503.609 191.397 -129.645 re
f
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F7 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 37 496.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(Figur)Tj
0 g
2.2957 0 TD
-0.0002 Tc
0.0279 Tw
(e 1.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F8 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 71.727 496.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0002 Tc
0 Tw
(Radiogr)Tj
0 g
3.7832 0 TD
0 Tc
(a)Tj
0.7026 0 TD
-0.0003 Tc
0.0278 Tw
[(phs of r)19.5(a)-19.9(bbit stif)29.5(le joints bef)39.5(ore)]TJ
-8.8267 -1.125 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(induction of osteoar)-19.9(thr)-19.9(itis \()]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 140.1196 487.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(A)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F8 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 146.1821 487.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0002 Tc
0.0277 Tw
(\) sho)Tj
0 g
2.3063 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(wing distinct)Tj
-15.954 -1.125 TD
-0.0002 Tc
[(joint space \(*\).)-194.9(No osteoph)29.6(y)0(tes are obser)-40(v)19.6(ed on)]TJ
T*
-0.0001 Tc
[(the r)-19.9(ight \()]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F11 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 74.7496 469.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(R)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F8 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 79.6051 469.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.0276 Tw
(\) or left \()Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F11 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 112.4825 469.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(L)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F8 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 116.1778 469.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.0277 Tw
(\) stif)Tj
0 g
1.8844 0 TD
[(le joints)-19.9(.)-194.6(E)0.1(ight w)19.7(eeks)]TJ
-11.7816 -1.125 TD
[(after induction of osteoar)-19.9(thr)-19.9(itis \()]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 160.8469 460.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(B)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F8 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 166.0227 460.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0002 Tc
0 Tw
(\),)Tj
0 g
0.8404 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.0277 Tw
(soft tissue)Tj
-16.9683 -1.125 TD
0 Tw
[(sw)19.7(elling )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F11 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 69.2879 451.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.0277 Tw
(\(# inside dotted lines)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F8 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 149.0364 451.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.0277 Tw
(\) and lucent osteo)Tj
0 g
8.9998 0 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(-)Tj
-23.0044 -1.125 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.0276 Tw
[(ph)29.7(ytes f)39.7(o)0.3(r)-27.9(m)19.7(ation \()]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F11 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 107.5172 442.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0003 Tc
0 Tw
(arr)Tj
0 g
1.2647 0 TD
-0.02 Tc
[(ow)-19.8(s)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F8 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 132.4645 442.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0002 Tc
0 Tw
(\).)Tj
0 g
0.8404 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.0277 Tw
(Distinct joint space \(*\))Tj
-12.7735 -1.125 TD
-0.0002 Tc
[(can still be seen.)-175.1(After 9 w)19.6(eeks of daily treat-)]TJ
T*
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
[(ment,)-194.8(\()]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 64.0164 424.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(C)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F8 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 70.6707 424.6891 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0002 Tc
0.0277 Tw
(\) ther)Tj
0 g
2.569 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(e w)29.7(as m)19.7(a)0.3(r)-19.9(k)14.8(ed impr)19.7(o)29.9(v)19.7(ement in soft)]TJ
-6.7778 -1.125 TD
[(tissue sw)19.7(elling and bone density)124.9(.)]TJ
ET
1 g
36.5 638.5 179 -127.609 re
f
Q
q
1 i
36.5 638.5 179 -127.609 re
W* n
/GS1 gs
q
179.9984 0 0 128.6389 36 510.4961 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
0 G
0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d
/GS1 gs
36.25 638.75 179.5 -128.109 re
S
1 g
234.5 638.5 179 -127.609 re
f
Q
q
1 i
234.5 638.5 179 -127.609 re
W* n
/GS1 gs
q
180.4784 0 0 129.1188 233.942 510.1292 cm
/Im2 Do
Q
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
0 G
0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d
/GS1 gs
234.25 638.75 179.5 -128.109 re
S
1 g
234.5 503.109 179 -127.609 re
f
Q
q
1 i
234.5 503.109 179 -127.609 re
W* n
/GS1 gs
q
179.5184 0 0 128.1589 234.5 374.7431 cm
/Im3 Do
Q
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
0 G
0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d
/GS1 gs
234.25 503.359 179.5 -128.109 re
S
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F9 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 38.4185 514.0349 Tm
0 0 0 0 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(A)Tj
1 g
16.5 0.0104 TD
(B)Tj
0 -11.2682 TD
(C)Tj
ET
Q
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q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
9.5 0 0 9.5 220.1381 26.7505 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(V)Tj
0 g
0.4709 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ol. 2, No)34.8(. 3, 2004 )-500.1(Intern J )59.7(Appl Res )74.9(V)140(et Med)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F1 1 Tf
11.5 0 0 11.5 28 26.4631 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(174)Tj
ET
1 g
27 362.363 180 -317.364 re
f
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 43 354.4247 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(In this preliminar)Tj
0 g
6.9217 0 TD
[(y study)84.9(, inflammation)]TJ
-8.4217 -1.2 TD
[(of ar)-19.9(thritic joints w)24.8(as reduced in joints treat-)]TJ
T*
(ed with )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 60.3146 330.4247 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(C. striatus)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 104.3873 330.4247 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(as e)Tj
0 g
1.5067 0 TD
[(videnced b)24.8(y)0( radi-)]TJ
-9.1454 -1.2 TD
-0.0299 Tc
0 Tw
(og)Tj
0.9849 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(raphic changes and in the o)44.8(v)14.8(erall)]TJ
-0.9849 -1.2 TD
[(inner)-19.9(v)24.8(ation of the syno)44.8(vial membrane in)]TJ
T*
[(comparison with conditions in highl)24.7(y)]TJ
T*
[(inflamed joints of untreated ar)-19.9(thritic joints. )]TJ
1.5 -1.35 TD
-0.0251 Tc
[(Inflammation of the osteoar)-19.8(thritic joints is)]TJ
-1.5 -1.2 TD
[(mainl)24.8(y due to the fragmentation of the de)14.9(g)-19.9(rad-)]TJ
T*
[(ing ar)-19.8(ticular car)-19.8(tilage into the syno)44.9(vium,)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(w)Tj
0.6771 0 TD
-0.0251 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(hich subsequentl)24.9(y triggers the inflammator)-19.8(y)]TJ
-0.6771 -1.2 TD
[(process b)24.9(y)0( the production of pro-inflammator)-19.7(y)]TJ
T*
[(mediators as w)34.9(ell as the recr)-19.8(uitment of inflam-)]TJ
T*
[(mator)-19.8(y cells into the joint.)]TJ
5 0 0 5 127.4534 200.3934 Tm
0 Tw
(17)Tj
10 0 0 10 134.2055 196.9247 Tm
0.025 Tw
(The constant)Tj
-10.6205 -1.2 TD
[(release of pro-inflammator)-19.8(y mediators, such)]TJ
T*
[(as c)14.8(ytokines and reacti)24.9(v)14.8(e)0( o)19.7(xygen species, will)]TJ
T*
[(cause e)14.8(xcessi)24.8(v)14.8(e)0( release of neuropeptides from)]TJ
T*
[(the ner)-19.8(v)14.8(e)0.1( f)-59.9(ibers to a le)24.9(v)14.8(el belo)39.7(w that w)19.7(hich)]TJ
T*
[(can be detected)59.8(, similar to that repor)-19.8(ted b)24.8(y)]TJ
T*
(Mapp et al.)Tj
5 0 0 5 71.0119 128.3934 Tm
0 Tw
(18)Tj
10 0 0 10 77.7127 124.9247 Tm
0.025 Tw
[(Apar)-19.9(t from that, release of hista-)]TJ
-4.9713 -1.2 TD
[(mine via mast cells de)14.9(g)-19.9(ranulation due to acti-)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(v)Tj
0.4501 0 TD
-0.0251 Tc
0.0251 Tw
[(ation b)24.8(y)0( c)14.8(y)0(tokine can be to)19.8(xic to ner)-19.8(v)14.8(e)]TJ
-0.4501 -1.2 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(f)Tj
0.3676 0 TD
-0.0251 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ibers, thus causing destr)-19.8(uction of these ner)-19.8(v)14.8(e)]TJ
-0.3676 -1.2 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(f)Tj
0.3676 0 TD
-0.0251 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ibers as seen in this study)85(.)]TJ
5 0 0 5 129.497 80.3934 Tm
0 Tw
(19)Tj
10 0 0 10 43 63.4247 Tm
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(The antiinflammator)-19.9(y mechanism of)]TJ
-1.5 -1.2 TD
(action of )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 65.7615 51.4247 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(C. striatus )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 109.8343 51.4247 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(e)Tj
0 g
0.4239 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(xtract on the)Tj
ET
1 g
225 362.363 180 -317.365 re
f
BT
10 0 0 10 226 354.4247 Tm
0 g
[(osteoar)-19.9(thritic joint is be)14.8(y)19.7(ond the scope of)]TJ
0 -1.2 TD
[(the present study)84.8(. It ma)34.8(ybe due to the high)]TJ
T*
[(content of amino acids and f)-9.9(atty acids,)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(w)Tj
0.6972 0 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(hich ma)34.8(y help pre)24.8(v)14.8(ent fur)-19.9(ther damage in)]TJ
-0.6972 -1.2 TD
[(the osteoar)-19.9(thritic joint b)24.8(y)0( aiding in the syn-)]TJ
T*
[(thesis of more collagen f)-60(ibers in the ar)-19.9(ticu-)]TJ
T*
[(lar car)-19.9(tilage. )49.6(This action could enhance the)]TJ
T*
[(repair process of the ar)-19.9(ticular car)-19.9(tilage b)24.8(y)]TJ
T*
[(lessening fragmentation of the de)14.7(g)-19.9(rading)]TJ
T*
[(ar)-19.9(ticular car)-19.9(tilage into the joint ca)34.8(vity and)]TJ
T*
[(helping to reduce the inflammator)-20(y reac-)]TJ
T*
(tions in the joint. )Tj
1.5 -1.35 TD
(It is also suggested that )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 336.7589 208.9247 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(C. striatus)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 380.8316 208.9247 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0052 Tc
0 Tw
(treat)Tj
0 g
1.7511 0 TD
0 Tc
(-)Tj
-17.2343 -1.2 TD
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
(ment could help in remodeling of collagen)Tj
T*
[(via the synthesis of inter)19.6(- and intramolecular)]TJ
T*
(protein cross-linking.)Tj
5 0 0 5 310.6804 176.3934 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
(4)Tj
10 0 0 10 315.3574 172.9248 Tm
-0.0051 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(This action w)39.7(ould in)]TJ
-8.9357 -1.2 TD
[(tur)-19.9(n help strengthen the str)-19.9(ucture of the)]TJ
T*
[(ar)-19.9(ticular car)-19.9(tilage, pre)24.8(v)14.8(enting fur)-19.9(ther de)14.8(g)-19.9(r)0.3(a-)]TJ
T*
[(dation. )54.8(As a result, there w)39.7(ould be a mark)9.7(ed)]TJ
T*
[(reduction in the inflammation of the syno)44.7(vi-)]TJ
T*
[(um, pre)24.8(v)14.8(enting the loss of immunoreacti)24.7(vity)]TJ
T*
[(of PGP 9.5 from the syno)44.8(vial membrane.)]TJ
1.5 -1.35 TD
(Results of this study indicate that )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 376.2309 87.4247 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.005 Tc
0 Tw
(C.)Tj
0 g
-15.0231 -1.2 TD
-0.0051 Tc
(striatus)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
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0 666 m
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T*
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( )Tj
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(with longer treatment periods and)Tj
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(studies of the mechanism of action, to deter-)Tj
T*
[(mine v)24.8(alue of this e)14.8(xtract can as a chon-)]TJ
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[(droprotecti)24.8(v)14.8(e)0.3()-196.1(agent.)]TJ
ET
Q
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(REFERENCES)Tj
ET
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[(Mat Jais )54.8(AM, Matori MF)129.8(, Kittak)9.7(oop P)159.8(,)]TJ
0 -1.125 TD
[(So)39.7(w)24.9(anborir)-19.9(ux K: F)59.7(atty acid compositions in)]TJ
T*
[(mucus and roe of Har)-19.9(uan, )]TJ
ET
Q
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ET
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(wo)Tj
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(und healing. )Tj
ET
Q
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ET
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[(2.)-500.1(Mohsin )54.7(AK, )54.7(Ambak MA: F)19.7(reshw)24.8(ater f)-59.9(ishes of)]TJ
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(P)Tj
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[(eninsula Mala)34.8(ysia. In: )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
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W n
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BT
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(Univeriti Putr)Tj
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(a)Tj
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(Malaysia)Tj
ET
Q
q
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W n
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0.025 Tw
(. Serdang, Mala)Tj
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(ysia; 1983:157161.)Tj
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[(3.)-500.1(Sabto A: )]TJ
ET
Q
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1 i
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W n
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W n
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/GS1 gs
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(En)Tj
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0.025 Tw
[(vir)44.8(onmental)-275.1(Ph)19.7(ysiolo)24.8(gical Studies of)]TJ
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0 Tc
[(Haruan in Sa)19.8(bah)]TJ
ET
Q
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1 i
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W n
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W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 112.5512 466.0615 Tm
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0.025 Tw
([honor thesis]. Sabah, Malasia:)Tj
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[(Uni)24.8(v)14.8(e)0.1(rsiti K)24.8(ebangsaan Mala)34.8(ysia; 1998.)]TJ
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[(4.)-500.1(Mat Jais )54.8(AM, Dambisya )89.7(YM, Lee )49.7(TL:)]TJ
1.25 -1.125 TD
[(Antinocicepti)24.8(v)14.8(e)0.1( acti)24.8(vity of )]TJ
ET
Q
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ET
Q
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W n
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0.025 Tw
[(uan\) e)14.8(xtracts in mice. )]TJ
ET
Q
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W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
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(J Ethnopharmacol)Tj
ET
Q
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0 g
-1.25 -1.75 TD
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[(5.)-500.1(Baie SH., Sheikh KA: )49.7(The w)39.7(ound healing prop-)]TJ
1.25 -1.125 TD
-0.0002 Tc
[(er)-20(ties of )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
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0 666 m
W n
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W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 83.5406 393.0615 Tm
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0.025 Tw
(Channa striatus)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
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0 666 m
W n
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W n
BT
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8 0 0 8 135.0785 393.0615 Tm
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0.025 Tw
(-cetrimide cream-tensile)Tj
0 g
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-0.0001 Tc
(strength measurement. )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
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W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 129.8141 384.0615 Tm
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0.025 Tw
(J Ethnopharmacol)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
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0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 191.5344 384.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(2000;)Tj
0 g
-17.0668 -1.125 TD
0.025 Tw
(71\(12\): 93100.)Tj
-1.25 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(6.)-500.1(Creamer P)159.8(,)0( Hochber)17.7(g MC: )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 142.5696 361.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(Osteoarthritis)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 187.4543 361.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(. )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 191.6544 361.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(Lancet)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 55 352.0616 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1997; 350:503509.)Tj
0 g
-1.25 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(7.)-500.1(Kidd BL, Cr)-19.9(uwys SC, Gar)-29.9(rett NE, Mapp PI,)]TJ
1.25 -1.125 TD
[(Jollif)24.8(fe )49.7(V)134.7(A, Blak)9.7(e DR: Neuro)24.8(genic influences on)]TJ
T*
[(contralateral responses during e)14.8(xperimental rat)]TJ
T*
0 Tw
[(monoar)-19.9(thritis. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 102.4578 311.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0002 Tc
0 Tw
(Br)Tj
0 g
0.9548 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(ain Res )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 136.268 311.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1995; 688:7276.)Tj
0 g
-11.4085 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(8.)-500.1(Mapp PI, )29.6(W)79.9(alsh D)39.7(A, Gar)-29.9(ret NE, et al: Ef)24.8(fect of)]TJ
1.25 -1.125 TD
[(three animal models of inflammation on ner)-19.9(v)14.8(e)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(f)Tj
0.3926 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ibers in the syno)44.8(vium. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 131.6809 279.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(Ann Rheum Dis )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 184.4899 279.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(1994;)Tj
0 g
-16.1862 -1.125 TD
(53:240246.)Tj
-1.25 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(9.)-500.1(Le)24.8(vine JD)59.7(, Dardick SJ)59.7(, Roizen MF)129.8(, Helms C,)]TJ
1.25 -1.125 TD
[(Basbaum )54.8(A: Contrib)-5(ution of sensor)-19.9(y af)24.8(ferents)]TJ
T*
[(and sympathetic ef)24.8(ferents to joint damage in)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(e)Tj
0.4289 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(xperimental ar)-19.9(thritis)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 123.8719 229.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(. J Neur)Tj
0 g
3.1987 0 TD
0 Tw
(osci )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 164.5461 229.0615 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(1986;)Tj
0 g
-13.6933 -1.125 TD
(6:34233429.)Tj
ET
1 g
234 639 180 -594.002 re
f
BT
8 0 0 8 239 632.4492 Tm
0 g
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(10.)-500.1(Nolano M, Simone D)39.7(A, )29.7(W)99.9(endelschafer)19.7(-Crab G,)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
[(Johnson )49.7(T)99.9(,)0( Hazen E, K)24.8(ennedy )29.7(WR: )49.7(T)79.9(opical cap-)]TJ
T*
[(saicin in humans: P)14.8(arallel loss of epider)-19.9(mal)]TJ
T*
[(ner)-19.9(v)14.8(e)0.1( f)-59.9(ibers and pain sensation. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 357.584 605.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(P)Tj
0 g
0.531 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(ain)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 374.2548 605.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(1999;)Tj
0 g
-15.1568 -1.125 TD
(81\(12\):135145.)Tj
-1.75 -1.75 TD
-0.0002 Tc
-0.0646 Tw
[(11.)-500.2(Imai )-89.7(S, )-40(T)79.8(okunaga Y)128.8(,)-0.2( )-89.8(K)34.7(onttinen YT)99.7(, )-89.7(Maeda )-40(T)99.8(,)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(Hukuda S, Santa)34.8(vir)-19.9(ta S: Ultrastr)-19.9(ucture of the)]TJ
T*
[(syno)44.8(vial sensor)-19.9(y peptider)17.7(gic f)-59.9(ibers is distincti)24.8(v)14.8(e)0.1(-)]TJ
T*
-0.0251 Tc
0 Tw
(ly)Tj
0.7528 0 TD
( )Tj
0.2749 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(altered in dif)24.8(ferent phases of adjuv)24.8(ant induced)]TJ
-1.0277 -1.125 TD
[(ar)-19.9(thritis in rats: Ultramor)-29.9(pholo)24.8(gical characteriza-)]TJ
T*
[(tion combined with mor)-29.9(phometric and immuno-)]TJ
T*
[(histochemical study for substance P)159.8(,)0( calcitonin)]TJ
T*
(gene-related peptide, and protein gene product)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(9.5. )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 267.2 510.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(J Rheumatol)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 309.809 510.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1997; 24\(11\):21772187.)Tj
0 g
-8.8511 -1.75 TD
[(12.)-500(Saito )49.7(T)100(,)0( K)34.9(oshino )49.7(T)19.9(:)0.1( Distribution of neuropeptides)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(in syno)44.8(vium of the knee with osteoar)-19.9(thritis. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 395.4977 487.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(Clin)Tj
0 g
-17.8122 -1.125 TD
(Orthop)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 278.3094 478.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(2000; 376:172182.)Tj
0 g
-4.9137 -1.75 TD
-0.0151 Tc
[(13.)-545.1(Doran JF)129.8(, Jackson P)159.8(,)-0.1( K)64.9(ynoch P)119.8(AM, )49.7(Thompson RJ:)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
[(Isolation of PGP 9.5, a ne)24.8(w human neuron specif)-59.9(ic)]TJ
T*
[(protein detected b)24.8(y)0( high resolution 2 dimensional)]TJ
T*
0 Tw
(electrophoresis. )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 303.5781 437.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0151 Tc
0.025 Tw
(J Neur)Tj
0 g
2.5837 0 TD
0 Tw
[(oc)14.8(hem )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 346.4854 437.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.015 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1983; 40:15421547. )Tj
0 g
-13.4357 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(14.)-500.1(P)39.8(ond MJ)59.7(, Nuki G: Experimentall)24.8(y induced)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
[(osteoar)-19.9(thritis in the do)24.8(g. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 333.5168 414.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(Ann Rheum)Tj
0 g
4.9375 0 TD
-0.0002 Tc
0 Tw
(Dis)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 386.3259 414.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(1973;)Tj
0 g
-16.6657 -1.125 TD
(32:387388.)Tj
-1.75 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(15.)-500.1(Mat Jais )54.8(AM, McCullock R, Croft K: F)59.7(atty acid)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
[(and amino acid composition in har)-19.9(uan as a)]TJ
T*
[(potential role in w)39.7(ound healing. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 357.6544 373.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(Gen Pharmacol)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 253 364.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1994; 25:947950.)Tj
0 g
-1.75 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(16.)-500.1(W)99.9(ee KL: Snak)9.7(eheadstheir biolo)24.8(gy and culture.)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
(In: Muir R, ed. )Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 303.5676 341.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(Recent )Tj
0 g
2.9354 0 TD
0.025 Tw
[(Advances in )59.7(Aquacultur)36.8(e)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 407.0954 341.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(.)Tj
0 g
-19.2619 -1.125 TD
-0.0002 Tc
0.0252 Tw
[(Boulder)39.6(, CO: )29.8(W)99.8(estvie)24.7(w Press; 1982:181213.)]TJ
-1.75 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(17.)-500.1(Johnston SA: Osteoar)-19.9(thritis: Joint anatom)39.7(y)84.9(,)-0.1( ph)29.7(ys-)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
0 Tc
[(iolo)24.9(gy and pathobiolo)24.9(gy)85(. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 334.7368 309.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(V)Tj
0 g
0.4709 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(et Clin North )59.7(Am)]TJ
-10.688 -1.125 TD
-0.0347 Tw
[(Small Anim )-59.7(Pr)44.8(act)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 311.6391 300.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1997; 27\(4\):699723.)Tj
0 g
-9.0799 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(18.)-500.1(Mapp PI, Gibson SJ)59.7(, )49.7(T)99.9(e)0.3(r)-29.9(r)-19.6(y JM, et al: Substance)]TJ
1.75 -1.125 TD
-0.16 Tc
0 Tw
(P,)Tj
0.6459 0 TD
( )Tj
0.2749 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(calcitonin gene-related peptide and C-flanking)Tj
-0.9208 -1.125 TD
[(peptide of neuropeptide )89.6(Y immunoreacti)24.8(v)14.8(e)0.1( are)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
[(present in nor)-19.8(mal syno)44.9(vium but depleted in)]TJ
T*
-0.0001 Tc
[(patients with rheumatoid ar)-19.9(thritis. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 364.3684 250.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(Neur)Tj
0 g
1.9548 0 TD
(osci)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 253 241.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1990; 37\(1\):143153.)Tj
0 g
-1.75 -1.75 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(19.)-500.1(Dra)34.8(y )54.8(A: Inflammator)-19.9(y mediators of pain. )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 387.5829 227.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(Br J)Tj
0 g
-16.8229 -1.125 TD
0 Tw
(Anaesth)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 280.9715 218.4492 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(1995; 75:125131.)Tj
ET
1 g
35.99 34.342 356 -16.333 re
f
Q
q
1 i
-9 675 459 -684 re
0 666 m
W n
0.06 666.06 441 -666 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
9.5 0 0 9.5 36.9901 26.7505 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
/GS1 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
(Intern J )Tj
0 g
3.3774 0 TD
0 Tc
[(Appl Res )74.9(V)140.1(et Med)-500()-499.9(V)140.1(ol. 2, No)34.9(. 3, 2004)]TJ
ET
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